常用命令
光标操作
- up方向键上(可以调出输入历史执行记录，快速执行命令)
- down 方向键下(配合up 选择历史执行记录)。
- Home移动光标到本行开头。
- Ctrl+A 移动光标到行首。
- Ctrl +E 移动光标到行尾。
- Ctrl +C终止当前程序
- Ctrl +L清理屏幕显示
命令别名 alias
[16:21:33 root@qdd sbin]# alias
alias cp='cp -i'
alias egrep='egrep -color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep -color=auto'
alias grep='grep -color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* -color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l -color=auto'
alias ls='ls -color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias which='(alias; declare -f) | /usr/bin/which tty-only -read-alias -read-functions -show-tilde show-dot'
alias xzegrep='xzegrep -color=auto'
alias xzfgrep='xzfgrep -color=auto'
alias xzgrep='xzgrep -color=auto'
alias zegrep='zegrep -color=auto'
alias zfgrep='zfgrep -color=auto'
alias zgrep='zgrep -color=auto
自定义别名NAME，相当于指定VALUE
#格式 alias NAME='VALUE'
[16:26:39 root@qdd ~]# alias hs='hostname'
[16:26:39 root@qdd ~]# hs
qdd
撤销别名 unalias
[16:27:04 root@qdd ~]# unalias hs
设置主机名
查看主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
修改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname zenghao
#zenghao为主机名
查看命令历史记录
history
-c 清空内存中历史命令
-r 从文件中恢复历史命令
-w 保存历史命令
数字： 显示最近n条命令 history n （n为数字）
历史命令记录文件目录：~/.bash_history
调用历史记录命令
#执行上一条命令
[root@localhost ~]# !!
# ！历史id 快速执行历史命令3000
[root@localhost ~]# ! 3000
清空当前终端
[root@localhost ~]# clear
查看当前的设备终端
tty命令可以查看当前所在的终端
[root@localhost ~]# tty
/dev/pts/0
# 输入tty输出/dev/pts/0 /dev/pts/1 /dev/pts/2
# 表示你打开多个终端第一打开的/dev/pts/0 以此类推
查看目前谁在使用终端
[root@localhost ~]# whoami
root
# who am i 可以查看当前登录的终端 登录者 登录时间等信息
[root@localhost ~]# who am i
root pts/1 2022-01-16 14:48 (192.168.20.1)
# w 查看所有终端的终端名 登录者 登录时间 以及正在做什么事情
[root@localhost ~]# w
15:27:50 up 1:17, 2 users, load average: 0.08,
0.16, 0.10
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE
JCPU PCPU WHAT
servera tty2 tty2 15:25 1:17m
14.70s 0.30s /usr/libexec/tracker-miner-fs
root pts/1 192.168.20.1 14:48 0.00s
0.13s 0.02s w
切换终端
Ctrl+alt+（fn）+[f1-f6]
查看当前使用的shell
[root@localhost ~]# echo $SHELL
/bin/bash
终端图形化的切换
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default
graphical.target # 默认图形化显示
永久切换默认登录模式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default
graphical.target # 设置默认为图形化
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default multiuser.target # 设置默认为文本界面
查看系统中所有的shell
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/sh
/usr/bin/bash
实现两服务器免密登录
生成秘钥
[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:wGVxNGOTehH7an2GaZ45p1yhv1pGrrBEbiFczDJCq68 root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . +oOo |
| o + =o= |
| = o.=. |
| . +.+.. |
| . S.o . o |
| . + + * . |
| . B * B |
| . + *.@. |
| E . O=o. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
复制秘钥到另一台服务器
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.0.88.101
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '10.0.88.101 (10.0.88.101)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:SUzrA4jmLDwzzi745T7odUNgkqL6hh9f+2+ZmLBnddU.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:9f:0c:ea:ee:b0:7d:f1:16:b6:7b:84:54:d6:ce:a3:ff.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@10.0.88.101's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@10.0.88.101'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
修改vim
vim ~/.vimrc
vimrc
set nu #黏贴内容保留格式
set paste #黏贴内容保留格式
set cursorline #行定位
set cursorcolumn #列定位
autocmd FileType yaml setlocal ai et ts=2 sw=2
#FileType 代表文件类型后边跟参数yam1，就是这个作用于yam1文件，编写其他文件时不起作用
#ts=2是tabstop=2的缩写，表示使用2个空格自动代替tab键
#et=expandtab 表示tab键的缩写
#sw=2 是shiftwidth=2的缩写，表示开启自动缩进对齐，缩进宽度为2个空格
#ai=auto indent自动退格对齐
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